Suggestions of past Brandmaps companies Essay Example

Recommendations of past Brandmaps organizations Essay There are more than 50 advertising research considers that were made accessible for our group to use. For the initial 75% a considerable lot of the examination contemplates were requested, anyway it was found right off the bat that not all the investigations were helpful to us. The exploration contemplates that our firm discovered most helpful were requested consistently which wound up sparing us important time. Such lasting investigations included client brand mindfulness, brand fulfillment evaluations, working measurements reports, brand quality appraisals, asset reports of the other serious firms, the measure of pieces of the pie we have in the business, our general execution report alongside inclination testing.. Other than the perpetual investigations, there are three significant exploration concentrates in which our group needed to settle on explicit choices on without fail. These choices incorporated the conjoint examination and both publicizing and advancement tests. The significance of the conjoint examination and can not be underscored enough. Having a comprehension of how conjoint investigation can be helpful for fruitful item reformulation. Further clarification of conjoint examination is clarified in the new item advancement segment of this update. Another exploration study we needed to do exclusively is the publicizing test. At whatever point we presented another item, we needed to make choice on the measure of cash we expected to spend on promoting, just as decide the best media substance and blend so as to get the most noteworthy % of client mindfulness. We additionally attempted assortments of media substance and blend in the tests. We will compose a custom paper test on Suggestions of past Brandmaps organizations explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Suggestions of past Brandmaps organizations explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Suggestions of past Brandmaps organizations explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer For instance, in Canada, a blend of value, item utilizes, along with substantial burdens radio, paper and magazines yielded an extremely high level of client mindfulness (around 85%). Leading promoting tests is a reasonable undertaking, which can bring about fabulous outcomes. On occasion, attempting to locate the correct publicizing methodology gets disappointing, be that as it may, by consistently switching up factors, in the end, a reasonable outcome can be gotten. It took our firm a few quarters before at long last finding a decent publicizing procedure for the Pacific locale. Advancement tests are another fundamental piece of promoting research. Like the publicizing test, we needed to decide the measure of cash to distribute and the limited time type for each predetermined area. We found generally that our seller mindfulness tests yielded us sure outcomes, as there appeared to be less factors to mess with so as to make sense of the correct blend. A portion of our investigations directed brought about high rates for mindfulness, numerous in the 90 to 98 percent run. On occasion, these outcomes originated from small spending in the advancement division, anyway with a valuable limited time blend. Showcasing research is a significant apparatus, which ought to be completely used by all organizations. Its expenses are insignificant contrasted with the conceivable end advantages of the outcomes, when deciphered effectively. A firm ought to never attempt to reduce expenses on their spending plan to the detriment of requesting advertising research. Having a completely educated firm exceeds the couple of thousand dollars, which may have in any case been spared from not requesting explicit exploration. Knowing precisely where your rivals remain in the market and your ecological circumstance is the reality. Our way of thinking is that if all else fails, request the promoting research. New Product Development Deciding on whether to bring another item into another or existing business sector resembles playing with a twofold edged blade. There are numerous potential approaches to take a gander at the circumstance and whether it is a beneficial movement. Market and contender examinations are two significant elements when settling on this basic choice. We found spur of the moment that the more serious and flimsy the market is, the less beneficial it is entering another item there. Presumably the most significant choice that must be made is the origination of the new item. It was found that making another item explicitly customized for a market is the most ideal approach to enter another item. Using inclination testing to discover what volume of properties are generally favored alongside conjoint examination to find the overall significance of each ascribe is the thing that must be utilized when settling on how your new vaporware item is going to look. Guaranteeing that your item doesn't encroach upon others patent zones is similarly significant, as this avoidable misstep could demonstrate expensive. There are different exchange offs when concluding how to create your new item. So as to minimize expenses and avoid stepping in another organizations patent zones , one might need to reduce a couple of expenses, with a gigantic cost saver being decreasing the guarantee and similarity, particularly if the overall significance of that particular trait inside that particular focused on showcase isn't viewed as significant. At long last, having a helpful item which addresses the issues of the customer is the main concern when taking all new item choice factors into thought. Presentation of another item can be very exorbitant. An astute firm would at first do some earlier research regarding what exercises are occurring inside the specific focused on area, including industry development and potential and other item plans by contending firms. A firm would not be shrewd as to bring another item into an effectively over soaked or feeble market. Reformulation offers are another irritable thing which requires serious investigation. Utilizing some pertinent parts of game hypothesis, one must foresee what the contenders are doing in the specific focused on locale, as a high Reformulation might be a finished misuse of cost. This is the place some determined hazard must be made. Presentation of another item likewise encounters other divisional costs which may include, including the employing of a business power. Cautious scope quantification ought to be done early so in the most ideal situation, an organization will have enough ability to deliver all future arranged. In the most noticeably terrible conceivable situation, full limit won't be used and it very well may be offered to recuperate a portion of the limit including costs brought about. Scope organization is a sensitive subject which truth be told requires exact long haul anticipating with the end goal for it to be cost effective. Now and again, with the presentation of another item, some momentary torment must be experienced. Regularly, because of the absence of experience bend reserve funds and nearness of generous smoothing impacts, the underlying expense of the item might be colossal and overall revenues might be thin. Alongside reformulation, deals power, starting escalated publicizing and advancement costs, there may remain to be little benefit picked up during a presentation. Negative benefits during presentation are not an uncommon event and an organization ought not be reluctant to encounter this. Try not to stress, things will likely show signs of improvement. There are a couple of more tips a firm can use so as to have a fruitful presentation of another item. Our firm discovered that underlying huge uses in publicizing during the turn out of the new item is vital for making consciousness of the item. From our promoting tests we found that going through more cash will consistently expand attention to an item. On the off chance that individuals like this new item, they will get it. Expanding motivations for the business power to work more enthusiastically on selling the item is another attainable method, for example, expanding deals commission or compensation. Sellers can at first be pushed to convey the item by giving impermanent refunds. One must recall not to give these refunds for a really long time of a period or they will lose their viability. A firm recently presenting an item should be daring and not terrified to lose a touch of cash during the main little stretch of presence and ought not bargain their cost to the detriment of producing expanded beginning deals as this could be unfavorable for long haul benefit. The last significant factor which ought to be contemplated is whether the item ought to be brought into one or a few markets. Our organizations guidance is that an organization should attempt to make an item that is ideal for one market yet can be acknowledged inside others. We found that one of our recently presented items was ideal for the Pacific market yet in addition was favored in the Canada advertise. As deals in the Pacific zone shot up, item costs diminished, which brought down the cost of the to some degree less reasonable yet at the same time popular item in Canada, making it liked. Our recommendation is that a firm should make an effort not to make an item which in part addresses the issues of various markets or if a firm does, dont anticipate that it should turn into an excellent accomplishment as it might wind up slumping in the entirety of your focused on business sectors. Good karma! Deals Forecast A decent deals estimate is significant in light of the fact that it stays away from stockouts from one viewpoint and high stock levels on the other. To discover which deals gauge is by all accounts sensible for the following term, you should initially investigate industry deals volume figures (#31). This examination gives an outline of the past and future deals volume for all market districts. As referenced in the book the examination gives an outline, and in this way the serious issue is, that it expect current promoting exercises of all organizations in the business to remain at a similar level, or to proceed with their current course, which regularly isn't the situation. Another issue with this investigation is, that particularly when entering another market the gauge

To what extent did domestic political considerations shape the Johnson Essay

Whatever degree did local political contemplations shape the Johnson organizations lead of the war in Vietnam, 196568 - Essay Example This quick difference in perspectives to the war brings up various issues. The most significant of them is, maybe, how the USA household issues influenced the tendency of the war in Vietnam. Obviously, President's Lyndon Johnson choice to bring the United States into a huge scope in Vietnam couldn't be totally comprehended without the appraisal of household policy centered issues and contemplations in 1960s. In this undertaking, I will look at all local wellsprings of powers just as powers themselves that formed to one or in any case, Johnson's organization direct of the Vietnam War. Separately, I will concentrate on the 1965-1968 time of the War known as Acceleration and Americanization of Vietnam4. While investigating this time of War, I will assess the impact of Johnson's organization that decided Presidents' choices of arrangement of battle troops in July 1965, heightening of troops' association in 1967, and Johnson's choice to restrict the besieging of Vietnam just as his later choice not to look for re-appointment. Truly, there are two predominant methodologies in investigation of Johnson's organization dynamic with respect to Vietnam War5. ... Truly, there are two predominant methodologies in investigation of Johnson's organization dynamic with respect to Vietnam War5. One methodology underlines Johnsons and his organization's unreasonableness and separation from evaluate that therefore brought about deplorable choices about Vietnam. This methodology portrays Johnson as a determined sell and very aggressive President hesitant to tune in to the specialists' views6. The subsequent methodology infers that Johnson had an entrance to the full scope of data about Vietnam from assorted perspectives, especially from his international strategy counselors: McGeorge Bundy, Dean Rusk, Walter Rostow and Robert McNamara, just as from progressively casual ones78. This view gives an increasingly judicious perspective on Johnson, however makes him a prisoner of his informants9. Another inquiry under concern is the degree, to which local issues decided Johnson's choices about Vietnam. In different words, how household economy (monetary emergency of 1968), developing Congressional resistance, molding of general sentiment and open uproars (peaceful resistor's developments), quick loss of Johnson prevalence, and so forth decided the method of Vietnam War lead. As Barrett (1993) accepts, this Vietnam situation has essentially impacted ages of students of history and political scientists10. Inlet of Tonkin occurrence and start of Johnson's Vietnam War period Until the August of 2004 Vietnam War was preferably a nearby clash over an issue, which further engrossed the psyches of normal Americans in late 1960s. In any case, the assaults of Northern Vietnamese on American naval forces on August 2-4, 1964 incited the huge scope inclusion of American soldiers in the nation. It is as yet questionable, regardless of whether Vietnamese for sure assaulted US

Rapid Economic Growth and Industrialization in Japan

In Asia, Japan was the primary nation to show a checked positive development after the harm caused to the country following the universal war (Stephenson 2009). This was trailed by a comparable pattern in four other Asian countries during the 1960’s. The nations to be specific; Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore and South Korea started a quick pattern that was set apart by fast monetary development and industrialization. The fundamental main impetus behind this pattern was a move of center driven by accessibility of modest work, to send out drove development (Stephenson 2009).Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Rapid Economic Growth and Industrialization in Japan explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More because of this fare drove development the west including America and other western created countries started to devour the same number of the toys and garments that accompanied Made in Asia names (Stephenson 2009). This procedure saw the nations hoa rd gigantic outside trade saves and create enormous exchange surpluses in the west. This arrangement by the countries seems to have been like the underlying thought of the Japanese. The Japanese had chosen to create producing ability by abusing the enormous measure of modest work in the nation (Stephenson 2009). The way to deal with center around low end customer items has been utilized by various Asian nations to build national riches. As riches expands the pattern infers moving to start the consideration of better quality items (Stephenson 2009). A genuine case of this is the Taiwanese economy that bolsters the country of around 23 million. The nation is home to some truly respectable makers of cutting edge PC and electrical items. Notwithstanding expanded assembling the countries residents have additionally started to assume a job in the global field being the initiators of organizations, for example, Yahoo and You Tube (Stephenson 2009). One of the significant drivers in these E ast Asian nations was training which these administrations put instruction in an extremely key position (Mok 63). The administrations concentrated on making open doors for instruction to increase the training expectations of its residents. It is a typical faith in these administrations that just through instructive headway would they be able to stay up with social and monetary change (Mok 63). During the 90’s this quickened financial development saw a significant droop attributable to monetary downturn in the locale truly influencing the Asian tigers (Rai122).Advertising Looking for article on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The principle reason this downturn had such a significant impact in these creating countries is because of the reality monetary development had caused the fare market to be over esteemed. Accordingly the downturn saw the quantity of awful obligations rise perilously becau se of an enormous number of organizations venturing into the red (Rai 122). In the equivalent 90’s time India was blessed enough to see the unification of two similarly invested pioneers start their control of the executive and money serve office (Wong 66). The Prime priest, Rao and the new account serve Manmohan Singh can without much of a stretch be cited to be the bosses of monetary change in India. Among the significant changes achieved by this group was a practically 80% disposal of licenses for industry. In one move this liberated the Indian business network from the chains of the ‘License raj’. Despite the fact that this period was set apart by financial mayhem, India got the chance to profit and straighten out monetary strategy. The genuine increment in awful obligations gave the Indian business network a chance to purchase resources at exceptionally low costs (Rai 122). For instance, the Jindal bunch entered an understanding during this period that saw t he buy and move of a whole steel plant in South Korea. Further the poor monetary state gave sourcing chances to Indian organizations. The drop in monetary forms and overabundance gracefully in nearby and outside business sectors gave a decent source to Indian organizations to get crude material. This likewise gave the Indian organizations an open door for in reverse reconciliation. Further India presently increased a few organizations with a set up advertising system which might be utilized for comparable items (Rai 122). Works Cited Mok, KA-Ho. Instruction Reform and Education Policy in East Asia. New York: Routledge, 2006. Print. Rai, Usha Kiran. Fare Import and Logistics Management. New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd, 2007. Print.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Rapid Economic Growth and Industrialization in Japan explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Stephenson, John. Shell Shocked: How Canadians can contribute after the breakdo wn. Ontario: John Wiley Sons Canada, Ltd., 2009. Print. Wong, Yuwa. Succeeding like Success: the rich buyers of Asia. Singapore: John Wiley Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, 2007. Print. This article on Rapid Economic Growth and Industrialization in Japan was composed and put together by client Kennedy Buckley to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Hewlett packered Strategic Choices mgt 499 Essay

Hewlett packered Strategic Choices mgt 499 - Essay Example This report targets understanding and breaking down what changes Hurd has made to association and how it fits in with his vision for the organization (HP, 2008). When Hurd was chosen as the CEO of the Hewlett Packard, he likewise achieved another vision for the organization. He didn't focus on the opposition that the organization faces. Hurd has a solid conviction which he said out in one of the gathering, where he referenced that it is critical to see to what extent it may take for an organization to guarantee the work is finished. He has consistently accepted that HP has an extremely high potential to improve a great deal and that a couple of changes will enable the organization to develop to more significant levels of progress. This he has had the option to accomplish and appear in the outcomes. When Mark was named it was inside five months that the organization began indicating enhancements. He accentuated on the no ‘Drama’ rubbish and it was felt all through the association. Hurd acquired an exacting situation of ‘No †nonsense’ which has made a solid effect over the whole association. Hurd has demonstrated the significance he provides for the organization execution and has been an individual who puts stock in numbers, spreadsheets and basically execution. He has demonstrated in his qualities that he would not endure any rubbish and didn't have confidence in pitching high dreams for the organization. Hurd has during the initial five months of his residency attempted to quiet things down in the organization. The organization has had a thought where the organization makes them earthshaking occasion once at regular intervals. Hurd has attempted to guarantee this is right off the bat settled as it isn't clear where this thought has been created from. Hurd has faith in executing and doesn't make a fuss over what is being spoken or said. Hurd has endeavored to guarantee there is finished responsibility for each worker inside the association. Hurd accentuated that the organization is not the slightest bit the regular old pre †Fiorina HP. Hurd as referenced before is very outcomes

Value of science

Richard Funnyman Is an incredibly famous physicists, he is known particularly for his assistance In the improvement of the nuclear bomb. Taking into account that he Is the maker of the universes most hazardous weapon, The Value of Science can be deciphered on a totally unique level as Funnyman goes to and fro on the ideas of good versus.. Insidious as an approach to mirror his ethical inner voice. Richard Funnyman' ethical quality can be seen through his entries about great and underhandedness in the realm of science and the world outside of science.During Funnyman' opening point he expresses that when beneficial things re made due to science It Is on the grounds that â€Å"moral choice† (Funnyman 64) drove them to that disclosure. As such, when somebody makes something helpful in science it is essentially in light of the fact that while they were making it they were thinking about what is good and bad. He proceeds by saying that every researcher is given the force â€Å"to d o either great or bad† (Funnyman 64). Be that as it may, there are no guidelines on the best way to interpret which one you are doing.Therefore, you could make something shocking because of the absence of bearing. Likewise, he references a Buddhist axiom, â€Å"To each man Is given the way in to the doors of paradise; a similar key opens the entryways of hell† (Funnyman 64). He is relating this statement to the great and awful decisions that can be made in science. For instance, in the maxim the â€Å"kef' would be the science, â€Å"heaven† would be the decency that can emerge out of science, and â€Å"hell† would be the terrible that can emerge out of science.However, regardless of whether it be the ability to accomplish something positive or negative or the way to paradise or damnation there are never and directions on which decisions will lead you here. On the off chance that you don't have Instructions, â€Å"the key might be a risky item to useâ₠¬  (Funnyman 64). In light of the expression he utilizes In this segment It proposes that he Is sentiments blameworthy for the impacts of the nuclear bomb since he is utilizing words, for example, â€Å"bad†, â€Å"evil†, and â€Å"dangerous†. It recommends that maybe Funnyman feels as though he opened the door to hellfire instead of the entryway to paradise through his invention.His blame is additionally appeared with his correlation of science to the world outside of science. Richard Funnyman utilizes things outside of science to think about and Justify his ethics about what he has done In science. For instance, he expresses that training, correspondence, and applied science can be a â€Å"strong power, yet for either great or evil† (Funnyman 69). It tends to be deciphered that he is referencing the nuclear bomb by the reiteration of the words â€Å"strong force† on the grounds that the nuclear bomb is the most dreaded bomb on the planet because of how much force it is has.Also, when he says that these solid powers can be utilized for â€Å"good or evil† (Funnyman 69) it could imply that the crowd could be utilized for acceptable, In which cases It wouldn't hurt any regular folks, or It can be utilized for insidious, similar to how It was utilized In World War II where the bomb was utilized and slaughtered 80,000 individuals right away. He is utilizing these models outside of science as an approach to show that, indeed, science can make loathsomeness, yet there are such a large number of different things on the planet that can make a similar result. Following this further, he expresses that â€Å"nearly everyone disdains war and proceeds by saying that â€Å"our dream today is peace† (Funnyman 69).However, he further clarifies this point by giving a case of how in the long run harmony transforms Into an awful thing moreover. This method of reasoning utilized by Funnyman war. If so, his case of harmony being an awful thing would reference the way that, the nuclear bomb finished the war, yet there was such a great amount of loathsomeness in the manner it finished that it is difficult to really have tranquility. The entry â€Å"Education, for Good and Evil† in general recommends that he is attempting to remove consideration from science alone being awful, by carry different things into the equation.This area of his composing shows his ethical quality through his style and reiteration, if there were no regret for his choices the entire piece would take a totally unique reason. Birthplace, an old scholar, once stated, â€Å"the intensity of picking great and fiendishness is inside the span of all. † Richard Funnyman demonstrates this is totally conceivable to do, given that the individual creation the choice is in contact with their ethics. Beneficial things can be made from information, yet the greatest piece of making something incredible is the utilization of good decisions .

Themes and Issues in American History †1919-1945 - Free Essay Example

Themes and Issues in American History/4 October 13, 2006 1919-1945 President Wilson’s friend, George L. Record wrote him in early 1919 â€Å"that something would have to be done about economic democracy to meet this menace of Socialism. † This era became one of increasing paranoia about the effects of Socialism on society. Even as the Courts and Congress enforced suppression of certain ideas and acts, the class war in a supposedly class-less society was beginning to take shape. Strikes continued to plague the country and even with the jailing and suppression of union leadership, the Socialist support of the unions continued to attract more members and sympathy. The Seattle Strike of 1919 was seen as an attempt at revolution. It was defeated after five days by Federal troops who proceeded to trample on constitutional rights, by arresting and persecuting the Socialist and union leadership. In addition, printing plants were shut down and anti government propaganda destroyed. As revolutionary forces and sentiments gathered overseas, there was more and more pressure on the government to control the people or as James Madison stated in Federalist #10, the â€Å"violence of faction†. The government used various means of subversion in their attempts to break the morale and purpose of the strikers and Socialist. Conditions were put in place that resulted in many of the workers, and members of the party, to be deported back to their home countries as illegal or undesirable aliens. This petrified and demoralized many of the workers and membership, as the majority of the members were first generation immigrants. Racial hatreds were encouraged by promising jobs and positions to other non-union and politically unaffiliated newly arrived immigrants. Blacks were used as strikebreakers as they were denied union memberships and thus had no loyalties. By the mid-twenties, The IWW was destroyed and the Socialist party falling apart. The economy was doing better and more people were able to benefit. The Congress passed immigration quotas in an effort to control the influx of Marxist and the revolutionary passions that were sweeping the world. Quotas were based on color, creed, and politics. Countries that were predominantly Socialist had their quotas decreased. The â€Å"Roaring Twenties† promised prosperity and fun. Unemployment was down and wages were up. Forty percent of the people were consumed with consumerism and the stock market. They turned a blind selfish eye to the plight of the tenant farmer and immigrant families trapped in the tenements of the big cities. Prosperity was concentrated at the top of the economic scale with 42 % of the people making less than $1,000. 0 per year. Every year in the twenties, 25,000 workers were killed and 100,000 permanently disabled. There were a few triumphs of the 1920’s, such as the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment affirming the rights of the long suffering women to vote, but few politicians spoke out for the poor. In 1923, the â€Å"Mellon Plan† was passed that further eroded the people’s faith in unbiased government, by reducing the rates of tax ation for the rich. Communist Party members were continuing to stir up labor unrest whenever and wherever possible. The stock market crash of 1929 was attributed to unhealthy banking and corporate structures, unsound foreign trade, economic speculation and misinformation, and bad distribution of income. This plunged the country into the Great Depression and a period of unpredictability and instability. Thousands of banks and businesses closed as millions of people were unemployed, homeless, and helpless. These people were becoming dangerous as they became more desperate, and the spirit of rebellion was growing. Thousands of the unemployed and disillusioned WWI veterans converged on Washington in protest. They were crushed by Federal troops led by Patton, MacArthur, and Eisenhower. The government’s inaction in the economy, and the swift and brutal repression of the protesters, helped lead to the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933. His support and the passage of much needed reform legislation became known as the New Deal. It promised stability of markets, relief, and the creation of jobs. Its main goal was to give enough hope to the lower classes to curb their tendency to revolution and the taking of property for survival. Legislative action was also necessary to control the strikes that were crippling the economies ability to repair it self. The passage of the Wagner Act of 1935 was enacted to try and stabilize labor unrest. Congress responded to strikes and organization of unions by enacting more legislation aimed at control. One of the forgotten aspects of the New Deal is that for most blacks and poor tenant farmers the system remained unchanged, as they did not qualify for many of the benefits created for them. Discrimination and repression still flourished in the South. The armed forces were segregated and the Federal government did little to change the status quo. The Communist Party radicals attempted to organize the workers to break the racial barriers. The fear of the Communist threat would soon be replaced by the march of Fascism to the east, and Japanese Imperialism and attacks to the west. The â€Å"peoples war† had begun and with it the organization of all people, races and political parties against the evil and totalitarian aggression of the Axis Party. However, as the Allied governments espoused patriotism and purpose, the world’s western powers were preparing to redistribute global wealth and fashion public opinion on politics (the Atlantic Charter) based on fear and uncertainty. The League of Nations or the United Nations was created during the war to act as an international buffer to the conflicts of the future. It was however, directed and controlled by the Western Governments through the Security Council memberships and simple majority of vote. This assured that the western democracies maintained the â€Å"bully pulpit† for the world. American business flourished during the war and profits hit record numbers as programs such as â€Å"lend-lease†, and foreign aid added to the coffers of capitalism. The loss of liberty was most pronounced during this time as immigrants were rounded up and detained based on race (Executive order 9066), subversive political elements held in check by legislation (1940 Smith Act and 1917 Espionage Act), and wartime freedom of the press controlled by the government through censorship. American workers were further put down by the no strike pledges of the AFL-CIO, and the Negros discrimination in the armed forces put into perspective by such practices as blood segregation and other acts of racism. The American worker continued to strike without the union’s approval, and more strikes were organized during the war than at any other time in American history. It became necessary in order to prove to the world and the seducing call of the new imperial power to the east, that America was strong in both military power and influence. On August 6, 1945, the world’s first atomic bomb was used in war. As true history shows, it was not necessary to drop the bomb in order to defeat Japan, but it was necessary to show to the world that the United States had post war prominence. It was the first major operation against Russia, in what would become known as the â€Å"Cold War†. It would show to the world the power of democracy and split the world politically between the Imperialist Democracies of the west and the Communist Totalitarian rule of the east. The Truman Doctrine would help formulate the political post war strategy of the United States. By warning of the dangers of Communism in the post war atomic world, the United States would embark on a mission of providing economic and military assistance abroad, and create thousands of postwar jobs in the defense industries at home. The â€Å"Iron Curtain† had fallen on the world. The war had rejuvenated American capitalism and stifled rebellion at home. The old lesson, of war solving problems of control, had been taught once again.

Stages of Group Development Essay - 3300 Words

Stages of Group Development (Essay Sample) Content: Tuckman's Stages of Group DevelopmentNameInstitutionContents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Introduction PAGEREF _Toc421292576 \h 3Theories of Small Group Development PAGEREF _Toc421292577 \h 3Tuckman's Stages of Group Development PAGEREF _Toc421292578 \h 5Forming PAGEREF _Toc421292579 \h 6Storming PAGEREF _Toc421292580 \h 6Norming PAGEREF _Toc421292581 \h 7Performing PAGEREF _Toc421292582 \h 7Adjourning PAGEREF _Toc421292583 \h 7Techniques and Application to Specific Populations PAGEREF _Toc421292584 \h 8Life cycle model PAGEREF _Toc421292585 \h 8Leadership PAGEREF _Toc421292586 \h 9Members PAGEREF _Toc421292587 \h 9Objectives PAGEREF _Toc421292588 \h 10Time-Frame PAGEREF _Toc421292589 \h 10Resources PAGEREF _Toc421292590 \h 10Group Leader Roles and Responsibilities PAGEREF _Toc421292591 \h 11Forming PAGEREF _Toc421292592 \h 11Storming PAGEREF _Toc421292593 \h 11Norming PAGEREF _Toc421292594 \h 11Performing PAGEREF _Toc421292595 \h 12Adjourning PAGEREF _Toc421292596 \h 12Summ ary PAGEREF _Toc421292597 \h 12References PAGEREF _Toc421292598 \h 14IntroductionSmall groups change over time under the influence of varying internal and external factors. These changes have been an area of major concern from many scholars because of the considerable roles of such groups in societal settings. Many theories have been proposed to define the evolution that small groups undergo. Much of the work has been theoretical because the nature of the topic, but this has allowed for the exposition of various views that have advanced the field considerably. Some of the most well established theories on small group development are a combination of many concepts that have been proposed by various scholars (Chang, 2006).This work is intended at highlighting the Tuckman's stages of group development from a view of other theories. To have an informed stand on the theories that explain the developments of small groups, an overview of all these theories will be introduced. Tuckman's sta ges of group development will be derived from this cluster and its individual components will be discussed in detail. Personal views will be expressed throughout the text based on the understanding from the various theories that have been proposed to explain similar concepts. The techniques and application to specific demographics will be included. Another inclusion will be the roles and responsibilities of group leaders.Theories of Small Group DevelopmentThe theories that have been proposed on group development have focused on why and how such groups change over time. Most of society is structured into small groups and this makes it even more imperative to understand the changes that such groups experience over time. Researchers have focused on the patterns of change and consistency within groups over time to acquire an informed stance on these changes. There are key aspects to a group that reveal major changes within a group. Some of these aspects include the variance in output, t ype and frequency of activities, prominence of group conflict, and cohesiveness within the group (Chang, 2006).Scholars have merged ideas to come up with theoretical models that can best explain the changes experienced within groups over time. This work will focus Tuckman's theory on the stages of group development. However, there are many theories that take distinctive stands on the same. The different theories are existent because most take differing perspectives to the factors influencing the change. Some theories view small groups as changing consistently through "stagesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , while other concepts view change as occurring through "phases" that a group may or may not undergo (Chang, 2006). These differences in views and basis through which change in small group is perceived is the key contributor to the existence of various theories on a common phenomenon (Hackman, 2003).More than a hundred theories have been proposed to explain the changes within a group. However, most can fall into similar categories on the basis of their assumptions about the study groups. The wide-spread classification is made on the basis of whether the theory perceives change within groups to occur in a linear, in cycles, processes that combine both, or through non-phasic processes. There are other classifications such as the source of forces influencing change; either internal or external (Chang, 2006).Another technique of classifying theories defining the change within groups differentiates concepts based on four distinct models for generating change; life cycle, dialectical, teleological, and evolutionary models. Life cycle models describe the process of change as the unfolding arranged sequence of stages adhering to a program preset before the commencement of the cycle. Dialectical models define change as a consequence of conflicting entities that later merge to another cycle of conflict. Teleological models view change as a result of the need to achieve a goal with adju stments being made based on the feedback acquired from the environment. Evolutionary models describe change within a population as a result of repeated cycles of variation, selection and retention (Dennis, 2013).It is possible for some theories to consist of all these models particularly because many have been compressed from previous models. A consideration that is made in this context is that the different models might explain separate aspects of the history of a group. For instance, Kurt Lewinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s change model has three stage; unfreeze, change, freezing. There is lack of a specific starting point or history of the group undergoing the changes. Another consideration is that some of the models view the groups as having eternal existence in which case they should be independent of the specific details of the task is undertaking. Conversely, some models might describe the phases that groups go through in which case it is necessary to distinctively elaborate on the tasks that the groups engages in (Chang, 2006).Tuckman's Stages of Group DevelopmentLike in the case of many other theories, Tuckmanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Stages model is a combination of many models that have been proposed by various scholars. The initial model consisted of four linear stages; forming, storming, norming, and performing. A group was viewed to go through these stages during its development. A fifth stage (adjourning) was added in 1977 when further studies were performed (Tuckman, 1977).It is possible to view the different aspects of the model that can fit into the initial classifications. The addition of adjournment is one of the considerations about change within a group highlighted. The view of a group without the inclusion of adjournment as part of change is that the group would be in existence for eternality. Adjournment makes the model more realistic (Tuckman, 1977).There are more classifications of such theories that be used to describe Tuckmanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Stages model. The model c an be viewed to be adhering to a liner process as opposed to cycles or a non-phasic process. Another key mode of classification is based on whether the change is influenced by internal or external forces. Most models can be viewed to be a merge of both internal and external forces for change (Forsyth, 2003). Tuckmanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s theory can be viewed as largely influenced by internal forces but this are also likely to be as response of external factors. The model can also be described as a life cycle model; one that adheres to a prescribed linear sequence of stages.There are five key stages within Tuckmanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s modelFormingThis is the initial stage within the model. The group is highly dependent of the leader for guidance and direction. This is because there is little consensus on group objectives other than those emphasized by the leader. In addition, individual member roles and responsibilities are also unclear. The leader is hence the key member of the group and is constantly presented with questions that aim at reinforcing team goals and individual roles and responsibilities. The processes agreed upon are regularly overlooked at this stage. This model incorporates a history of the group by including this stage. Other models such as that of Lewinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s model of change excludes this stage (Tuckman, 1965).StormingStorming is the second stage of the model. Decisions are not easy to reach within a group. The members of the group attempt to assume various roles in relation to the other members. This at times may result in members challenging each other for the available positions. This is also a key part of effecting change and is evident in most models. It can be viewed as the unfreezing stage in Lewinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s model, conflict stage in Tubbà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s systems model and Fishers theory, or technical problem solving in TIP theory. Although there is still a lot of uncertainty, clarity has improved as compared to the first stage. The team leader is req uired to keep the group aimed at its objectives and less distracted by the conflicts that may emerge (Tuckman, 1965).NormingConsensus and cohesiveness within the group are first exhibited in this stage. The leader has a lot of support from the members of the group. Less important decisions may be delegated to individuals or specific members within the group. There is commitment and unity among the members of the group, and all members are included in general decision making. The leader is well supported and some of the leadership is shared with the team members. One of the issues that may arise at this stage is that the members may be keen to avoid conflict that they avoid to share ideas. This stage can be compared to consensus in Tubbà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Systems model (Tuckman, 1965).PerformingA group is very strategically aligned in this stage because roles and responsibilities are well defined. The members of the team have share... Stages of Group Development Essay - 3300 Words Stages of Group Development (Essay Sample) Content: Tuckman's Stages of Group DevelopmentNameInstitutionContents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Introduction PAGEREF _Toc421292576 \h 3Theories of Small Group Development PAGEREF _Toc421292577 \h 3Tuckman's Stages of Group Development PAGEREF _Toc421292578 \h 5Forming PAGEREF _Toc421292579 \h 6Storming PAGEREF _Toc421292580 \h 6Norming PAGEREF _Toc421292581 \h 7Performing PAGEREF _Toc421292582 \h 7Adjourning PAGEREF _Toc421292583 \h 7Techniques and Application to Specific Populations PAGEREF _Toc421292584 \h 8Life cycle model PAGEREF _Toc421292585 \h 8Leadership PAGEREF _Toc421292586 \h 9Members PAGEREF _Toc421292587 \h 9Objectives PAGEREF _Toc421292588 \h 10Time-Frame PAGEREF _Toc421292589 \h 10Resources PAGEREF _Toc421292590 \h 10Group Leader Roles and Responsibilities PAGEREF _Toc421292591 \h 11Forming PAGEREF _Toc421292592 \h 11Storming PAGEREF _Toc421292593 \h 11Norming PAGEREF _Toc421292594 \h 11Performing PAGEREF _Toc421292595 \h 12Adjourning PAGEREF _Toc421292596 \h 12Summ ary PAGEREF _Toc421292597 \h 12References PAGEREF _Toc421292598 \h 14IntroductionSmall groups change over time under the influence of varying internal and external factors. These changes have been an area of major concern from many scholars because of the considerable roles of such groups in societal settings. Many theories have been proposed to define the evolution that small groups undergo. Much of the work has been theoretical because the nature of the topic, but this has allowed for the exposition of various views that have advanced the field considerably. Some of the most well established theories on small group development are a combination of many concepts that have been proposed by various scholars (Chang, 2006).This work is intended at highlighting the Tuckman's stages of group development from a view of other theories. To have an informed stand on the theories that explain the developments of small groups, an overview of all these theories will be introduced. Tuckman's sta ges of group development will be derived from this cluster and its individual components will be discussed in detail. Personal views will be expressed throughout the text based on the understanding from the various theories that have been proposed to explain similar concepts. The techniques and application to specific demographics will be included. Another inclusion will be the roles and responsibilities of group leaders.Theories of Small Group DevelopmentThe theories that have been proposed on group development have focused on why and how such groups change over time. Most of society is structured into small groups and this makes it even more imperative to understand the changes that such groups experience over time. Researchers have focused on the patterns of change and consistency within groups over time to acquire an informed stance on these changes. There are key aspects to a group that reveal major changes within a group. Some of these aspects include the variance in output, t ype and frequency of activities, prominence of group conflict, and cohesiveness within the group (Chang, 2006).Scholars have merged ideas to come up with theoretical models that can best explain the changes experienced within groups over time. This work will focus Tuckman's theory on the stages of group development. However, there are many theories that take distinctive stands on the same. The different theories are existent because most take differing perspectives to the factors influencing the change. Some theories view small groups as changing consistently through "stagesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , while other concepts view change as occurring through "phases" that a group may or may not undergo (Chang, 2006). These differences in views and basis through which change in small group is perceived is the key contributor to the existence of various theories on a common phenomenon (Hackman, 2003).More than a hundred theories have been proposed to explain the changes within a group. However, most can fall into similar categories on the basis of their assumptions about the study groups. The wide-spread classification is made on the basis of whether the theory perceives change within groups to occur in a linear, in cycles, processes that combine both, or through non-phasic processes. There are other classifications such as the source of forces influencing change; either internal or external (Chang, 2006).Another technique of classifying theories defining the change within groups differentiates concepts based on four distinct models for generating change; life cycle, dialectical, teleological, and evolutionary models. Life cycle models describe the process of change as the unfolding arranged sequence of stages adhering to a program preset before the commencement of the cycle. Dialectical models define change as a consequence of conflicting entities that later merge to another cycle of conflict. Teleological models view change as a result of the need to achieve a goal with adju stments being made based on the feedback acquired from the environment. Evolutionary models describe change within a population as a result of repeated cycles of variation, selection and retention (Dennis, 2013).It is possible for some theories to consist of all these models particularly because many have been compressed from previous models. A consideration that is made in this context is that the different models might explain separate aspects of the history of a group. For instance, Kurt Lewinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s change model has three stage; unfreeze, change, freezing. There is lack of a specific starting point or history of the group undergoing the changes. Another consideration is that some of the models view the groups as having eternal existence in which case they should be independent of the specific details of the task is undertaking. Conversely, some models might describe the phases that groups go through in which case it is necessary to distinctively elaborate on the tasks that the groups engages in (Chang, 2006).Tuckman's Stages of Group DevelopmentLike in the case of many other theories, Tuckmanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Stages model is a combination of many models that have been proposed by various scholars. The initial model consisted of four linear stages; forming, storming, norming, and performing. A group was viewed to go through these stages during its development. A fifth stage (adjourning) was added in 1977 when further studies were performed (Tuckman, 1977).It is possible to view the different aspects of the model that can fit into the initial classifications. The addition of adjournment is one of the considerations about change within a group highlighted. The view of a group without the inclusion of adjournment as part of change is that the group would be in existence for eternality. Adjournment makes the model more realistic (Tuckman, 1977).There are more classifications of such theories that be used to describe Tuckmanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Stages model. The model c an be viewed to be adhering to a liner process as opposed to cycles or a non-phasic process. Another key mode of classification is based on whether the change is influenced by internal or external forces. Most models can be viewed to be a merge of both internal and external forces for change (Forsyth, 2003). Tuckmanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s theory can be viewed as largely influenced by internal forces but this are also likely to be as response of external factors. The model can also be described as a life cycle model; one that adheres to a prescribed linear sequence of stages.There are five key stages within Tuckmanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s modelFormingThis is the initial stage within the model. The group is highly dependent of the leader for guidance and direction. This is because there is little consensus on group objectives other than those emphasized by the leader. In addition, individual member roles and responsibilities are also unclear. The leader is hence the key member of the group and is constantly presented with questions that aim at reinforcing team goals and individual roles and responsibilities. The processes agreed upon are regularly overlooked at this stage. This model incorporates a history of the group by including this stage. Other models such as that of Lewinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s model of change excludes this stage (Tuckman, 1965).StormingStorming is the second stage of the model. Decisions are not easy to reach within a group. The members of the group attempt to assume various roles in relation to the other members. This at times may result in members challenging each other for the available positions. This is also a key part of effecting change and is evident in most models. It can be viewed as the unfreezing stage in Lewinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s model, conflict stage in Tubbà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s systems model and Fishers theory, or technical problem solving in TIP theory. Although there is still a lot of uncertainty, clarity has improved as compared to the first stage. The team leader is req uired to keep the group aimed at its objectives and less distracted by the conflicts that may emerge (Tuckman, 1965).NormingConsensus and cohesiveness within the group are first exhibited in this stage. The leader has a lot of support from the members of the group. Less important decisions may be delegated to individuals or specific members within the group. There is commitment and unity among the members of the group, and all members are included in general decision making. The leader is well supported and some of the leadership is shared with the team members. One of the issues that may arise at this stage is that the members may be keen to avoid conflict that they avoid to share ideas. This stage can be compared to consensus in Tubbà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Systems model (Tuckman, 1965).PerformingA group is very strategically aligned in this stage because roles and responsibilities are well defined. The members of the team have share...

Yugoslavia to Officially Become Serbia and Montenegro

On Tuesday, February 4, 2003, the parliament of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia voted to disband itself, officially dissolving the country that was created in 1918 as The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. Seventy-four years ago, in 1929, the Kingdom changed its name to Yugoslavia, a name which will now live in history. A New Country The new country taking its place is called Serbia and Montenegro. The name Serbia and Montenegro is not new - it was used by countries such as the United States during the time of Serbian leader Slobodan Milosevics rule, refusing to recognize Yugoslavia as an independent country. With the ouster of Milosevic, Serbia and Montenegro became recognized internationally as an  independent country  and rejoined the United Nations on November 1, 2000, with the official long-form name the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The new country will have dual capitals - Belgrade, the capital of Serbia, will serve as the primary capital while Podgorica, the capital of Montenegro will administer that republic. Some federal institutions will be headquartered in Podgorica. The two republics will create a new joint administration, including a parliament with 126 members and a president. Kosovo remains part of the union and within the territory of Serbia. Kosovo remains administered by NATO and the United Nations. Serbia and Montenegro could break apart as independent countries through referendum as early as 2006, through a European Union-brokered accorded approved by the Yugoslav parliament before its dissolution on Tuesday. Citizens tend to be unhappy with the move and call the new country Solania after EU foreign policy chief Javier Solana. Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, and Macedonia all declared independence in 1991 or 1992 and broke away from the 1929 federation. The name Yugoslavia means land of the southern Slavs. After the move, the Croatian newspaper  Novi List  referred to the tumultuous situation, Since 1918, this is the seventh name change of a state which has continuously existed since Yugoslavia was first proclaimed. Serbia has a population of 10 million (2 million of which live in Kosovo) and Montenegro has a population of 650,000.

The Jewish Experience in Venice in the Age of the Ghetto...

. Searching for the word â€Å"Ghetto† in Longman’s Dictionary of Contemporary English, it can be read the following definition: â€Å" Part of a city where people of a particular race or class, especially people who are poor, live separately from the rest of the people in the city. [†¦] Sometimes considered offensive. A part of a city where Jews were forced to live in the past † ( LD 678 ). As a result, the first general definition appears connected with the more specific example of the Jews. It seems to be particularly interesting, because it gives us a perspective of the idea of Ghetto that has been transformed and adapted to different realities, but unexpectedly it demonstrates the opposite of what was the Jewish experience of†¦show more content†¦As a result, Jews had been suspected of favouring the enemy during the war against Turkish Empire, leading in this way to the growing of feeling against themselves. Louis Wirth has the merit to have defined the Ghetto as â€Å"an historical institution with a social role†, and just like that it was. As a matter of fact, a commercial empire like Venice needed liquid capital and needed to borrow and lend; Roth suggests an even more delicate consideration, which is the fact that expelling the Jews from Venice, as it had been decided after the great victory of Christian powers on Turkish force on October 7th of 1571, â€Å"would [have] strengthen the power of the Turkish empire, as the exile from Spain had done before them† ( Roth 91 ). So ,the establishment of the Jews Ghetto that had been made in 1516 was the only mean to control the minority of Jews. They would have been also important since they were useful as merchants and as craftsmen ( another time, the economical decadence of Spain after the expulsion of thousand of Jewish craftsmen in 1492 served as an example in the making of the Venetian Laws) . Besides, the Jews community of Venice was a guide and a model in religion and legal issues, and there were a lot of remarkable scholars and intellectuals ( one above all, Leon Modena ,Show MoreRelatedJudaism : The Religious Life Of Israel1590 Words   |  7 PagesJudaism is a way of life that has been observed by the Jewish people for almost 3,300 years, starting when the ancestral Father of Israel, Abraham was chosen by God. Jews deem themselves as descendants of Abraham and Sarah, Rachel and Jacob and Leah, Zilpah and Bilhah, and Isaac and Rebekah. Orthodox Judaism is the strictest commitment to the traditional beliefs and traditions of all the Jewish observances. It originated in response to the Jewish practice introduced by the Reform movement. OrthodoxyRead MoreThe Victimization of The Jewish Culture Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesCrime Report accounts that Jewish people are affected more by hate crimes than any other religion. According to the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum, â€Å"Antisemitism is the prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews†¦ can manifest itself in a number of forms, including discrimination against individuals, the dissemination of hate literature about Jewish people, arson directed against Jewish cultural or religious institutions, or organized violence against Jewish communities (pogroms)† (2011)Read MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesdealt with these slights the wa y he would his entire life: He turned away quietly. But Langston decided that instead of running away from the color line and hating himself for being black, like his father had, he would write about the real-life experiences of black people. He was determined to write stories about Negroes, so true that people in faraway lands would read them. James Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri, on February 1, 1902, to Carolina (Carrie) Mercer Langston and James

Partition Of Indi The Indian Of Indian Subcontinent

Aryans Transform India: The Aryans moved into India and created a caste system comprised of four main social classes: Brahmins, warriors, peasants or traders, and shudras (non-Aryan laborers or craftspeople). These castes became more complex as purity and cleanliness became more important. Over the next few centuries, Aryan Kingdoms arose, one of them being Magadha. It expanded quickly and occupied almost the entire Indian subcontinent by the second century B.C. Cultural diffusion, described in the Mahabharata, also took place between Aryans and non-Aryans. †¢ Aryans: a group of Indo-European people whose homeland was between the Caspian and Aral Sea. They moved in the Indus River Valley of India around 1500 B.C. A famous piece of literature left by them is called the Vedas. In their language, â€Å"Aryan† meant â€Å"the nobles.† †¢ Vedas: A sacred literature left by the Aryans that displayed an idea of Aryan life. It’s comprised of four collections of prayers, magical spells, and instructions for performing rituals. The Big Veda, the most important part of the collections, contains 1,028 hymns to Aryan gods. In the beginning, the Vedas was passed orally from generation to generation. †¢ Brahmins: a priest in the social caste system. It is among the top of the caste system. Warriors, peasants or traders, and shudras followed this social class. †¢ Castes: the groups of social classes created by the Aryans. The term used to describe them was originally Varna (skin color) but was changed inShow MoreRelatedIncredible India3330 Words   |  14 Pagespopulation and strategic importance, in the last twenty years attributed to economic reforms. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the Peoples Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while Indias Andaman and

Reflection Of Writing My Writing Experience In The Homeroom

As a child, I remember my first writing experience outside the classroom. For it would teach me more than just putting words together to complete a sentence, but to incorporate the meaning. Entering my third year of elementary school I encountered the most humblest teacher named Ms. Cologne. She was the most good hearted, caring, humane person I met at a young age. She was black with dark straight hair and wore thick framed plastic glasses. Her classroom was bright, full of colors with the ABC’s in cursive writing around the border. Ms. Cologne was the type of english teacher that will take extra time out to walk around and help each student with their classwork. But she was also firm towards reading short articles out of the news†¦show more content†¦In the classes before I had the luxury of having simple packets that were filled with math problems and tracing cursive letters. I was aware at a very early age the importance of writing. My father was making sure that I completed my writing assignment. He would pick certain days out of the summer to drill me on math problems to keep my brain constantly thinking. My father along with my third grade english teacher shared similar views on the need to exercising my brain. In my opinion the reason I developed my literary skills because of the need. Everyone that wants to become successful, needs to learn how to read and write. My first experience of writing a summary shattered my love for writing. That summer entering fourth grade started to hit me hard. Picture not being able to go outside until the writing exercises are completed and checked. The time that my father took to check my mini summaries I was daydreaming about going outside. What made matters worse is while i’m in the house reading newspaper articles my friends would ring my doorbell asking when I will be able to come and play. On top of the fact it’s summer vacation and there is no schools opened but still I had to do w ork outside of classroom. I can go on to say from this early childhood experience explains why it is harder for me to prioritize. I have a rebellious spirit againstShow MoreRelatedI Am A Good Writer981 Words   |  4 Pagesemployed to improve my writing ability be it making an outline or planning out the paper in any way. It didn’t matter if I was doing a research paper, a reflective essay or even a personal narrative. The writing that I had done in middle school and high school was by far the worst of it. When I was little, I used to love writing. I would write about anything from dragons to adventures in space, and most of the time it wasn’t in any way related to school at all. I used to love writing because I couldRead MoreThe Williams Cap Assessment : A Second Grade Caucasian Female797 Words   |  4 Pagesmechanic, both parents live at home and are active in her school life. She has a love for creating and has shown this in her school work as well as her non school activities. She is constantly creating fashion items from random household objects, is writing her own stories, and videoing her daily life as well as creating songs and jingles to narrative her thoughts. She has a natural drive to entertain people and is very focused on improving her skills as a creator, fashion designer, writer, and futureRead MoreDuring My Applied Learning Experience I Participated In1362 Words   |  6 PagesDuring my applied learning experience I participated in a third grade math class at Houston Elementary located in Mineral Wells, Texas. This school homes 567 students, with 383 of those being economically disadvantaged. Houston Elementary School is a Public school that serves second and third grade. Jensen’s seven critical factors were incorporated all throughout my applied learning experience with my tutee; from both the homeroom teacher and I. I kept my tutee engaged by using activities thatRead MoreMajor Assessment Of The Middle School1904 Words   |  8 Pagesscience. All of her students are mainstreamed for elective classes such as art and physical education. During my visit, I observed differentiated instruction for science. Olgesby introduced the lesson, model how to write a sentence using the vocabulary word, and then the students worked independently. I walked around the class to observe what the students were writing. I noticed that they were writing sentences but some of the handwriting was not legible. After the students wrote five sentences, OlgesbyRead MoreField Study 57964 Words   |  32 PagesStudy Student 3 Statement of the Purpose 4 Cooperating School 5 Momentous Experience and Insights Narrative 6 Entries and Evidences Letter 10 Schedules 11 Copy of Basic EducationinUBD Curriculum 12 Interview on Grade 7 Teachers 13 My Own Curriculum â€Å"Realistic Educational Curriculum† 18 Reflection on Observation 28 Articles about Field Study 4 Teaching Resources: Exploring the Curriculum Read More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagestrademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Used herein under license. Library of Congress Control Number: 2006933904 Student Edition: ISBN-13: 978-0-495-11873-2 ISBN-10: 0-495-11873-7 ââ€"   To my nephews, Jesse and Luke Smidt, who bet I wouldn’t put their names in this book. R. P. ââ€"   To my wife, Sally, and my daughter, Anna C. O. ââ€"   To Carol, Allie, and Teri. J. D. ââ€"   About the Authors puter Teacher of the Year award in 1988 and received the Siemens Award for Advanced Placement in mathematics

Principle of Project Management

Question: Discuss about the Principle of Project Management. Answer: The post has been highly effective to compare as well as contrast between the usages of different standards within the organization. In this context it has been identified that PMBok is the most effective to be familiar with the standardized process of any project management. It includes nine most crucial areas of project management, which are quality management, communications management, risk management, procurement management, human resources management, cost management, time management, scope management and integration management (Snyder, 2014). At the same time, Prince2 is the most wide spread practice methodology that promotes a structural business approach within the organization. Application of Prince2 effectively enhances the team coordination be making everyone aware of the project goals, responsibilities, quality requirement, stages as well as performance requirement. On the other hand, the ISO standard is effective for enabling the organization to understand the relations hip between discipline and business environment. Similarly, every industry adheres to any standards to maintain its level of effectiveness and quality. The application of these standards in global, cross cultural as well as international platform has been succinctly depicted in this post. It has been appropriately reflected that the standard itself would not be affected due to the change of platform. However, the policies under the standard must be used differently to accommodate different workforce (Burke, 2013). In addition to that, the post has identified that management approach and structure need to modified in order to enhance the effectiveness and flexibility within the team to accomplish the project in a dynamic, albeit collaborative manner. The post has attempted to compare and contrast the major standards used in various industry for project management. Although the post has been effective to provide necessary information regarding the each standard, it has failed to draw necessary argument to depict the comparative evaluation of these standards. The post has also failed to address the key features of each standard to draw an argument in the context of their relevance in the project management. The post needed to state the benefits of these standards for using in project management so that the comparison can be drawn from the level of effectiveness of these standards. It has been wrongfully stated that as PMBok and Prince2 is compatible, they have no difference between them. It has been observed that while PMBok largely comprises with knowledge of project management, Prince2 focuses on the execution of the project in a controlled environment. ISO 21500, on the other hand provides distinct norms to followed by the organ ization to have a greater efficiency and safety within the projects (Too Weaver, 2014). The post has been failed to provide necessary information regarding the application of these standards in the global, cross cultural as well as international platform. The post needed to present how the standards interact with each of the platforms at the time of executing the project. It could have been stated that although the project standards are not affected with the change of platform, the underlying processes need to be modified according to the requirement of the project and accommodation of the workforce (Kerzner, 2013). Reference List: Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Kerzner, H. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Snyder, C. S. (2014). A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge: PMBOK () Guide. Project Management Institute. Too, E. G., Weaver, P. (2014). The management of project management: A conceptual framework for project governance.International Journal of Project Management,32(8), 1382-1394.

Contingency Plan & Its Implementation â€Free Samples For Students

Question: Discuss About The Contingency Plan And Its Implementation? Answer: Introducation Being the Senior Accountant of Big Red Bicycle Pty Ltd., as per the analysis of budget variance report, the following conclusions have been drawn : There is an irregularity in the company as the gross profit ratio is negative in three quarters while it is positive in third quarter (Berman, Knight and Case, 2013). The net profit variance is more than the half in the first quarter but shows a reduction of 31.88% which is still negative and suddenly shows a good % in third quarter, i.e.,52.92% but drastically decreases in the fourth quarter shoeing a negative variance % of 49.84%. Though the income and expenses cannot be accurately determined while preparing budgets, however, it shows an approximate values and 10% fall or excess is acceptable. However, such variations in net profit shows that the problem exists in the internal environment of the company as positive results are being observed in the third quarter but high negative percentages in other quarters along with the fact that variances in expenses are not more than 5% whether positive or negative (Bragg, 2014). After a clear analysis of the internal environment, following observations, that acts as the major problems for such negative results, were made : The major problems lies with the employees working under the company. The employees aren't loyal enough to their jobs leading to unnecessary idle time as well as distraction from their commitment as done in the contract (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2017). The employees responsible for looking after the basic raw materials necessities just overlooked the wastage of water, materials, electricity, etc. The sale team members were happy about the incentive programs and worked hard in the third quarter. However, due to threatening tone of emails lose their morale and became casual about their jobs and the results of such lost interest could be reflected well in the fourth quarter when compared with the third quarter (Gitman and Zutter, 2012). The training orientations were useful to some but made no difference as such to the entire personnel. The 50% of fixed direct wages were of the short term contracts employees where the contracts have already expired the employees no longer exists. The employees weren't really active and it may be because they didn't feel good about the company's policies and therefore, felt being not a part of business decisions but just mere workers who are to just follow the instructions of the top management. The above stated problems are clearly related to the personnel of the company because of which the company is facing such problems. Employees are the most important assets of the company as without a proper team, no business can prosper. Therefore, a revised contingency plan and a contingency implementation plan is required to be formulated. The contingency plan consists of the activities/strategies to be adopted so as to minimize the risk and reduce the variations as well as steps towards the targeted goals. The targets of the company could be well specified along with the steps to be implemented so as to fulfill such targets : As the economic conditions are going to deteriorate, the sales volume are expected to fall down by 20%. The company can accept a maximum of 10% variations in profits and therefore, a quarterly variation report is to be made to analyze the expenses and income and shortfall of profit variations over 10% so as to formulate required actions to be taken. The implementation of effective training orientation classes so as to boost the confidence and morale values of the employees and instill a feeling of dedication towards their jobs. For this, certain incentives programs are to be established too so as to reward the true efforts and motivate the other employees. Such training classes would be mandatory for the entire personnel to attend as a new approach would be adopted to conduct training processes (Garrison, Noreen and Brewer, 2012). Where the management will take such positive steps to encourage the staffing team, on the same hand, it would also implement certain strict actions as stated below It would make warning calls emails to employees that they may not take their fixed wages for granted and therefore, act resentful as and when they wish. Such behaviour would lead to losing of the job at one shot. The employees are not going to be allowed overtime period as such policies makes them casual and thereby, not completing the targets on time. Therefore, the company's ultimate demand from employees is hard-work, loyalty deduction towards the company's goals as that would be benefitting them only later on (Hoyle, Schaefer and Doupnik, 2015). The management would also be asking for employees suggestions and observation reports on a time-to-time basis so as to give them a feeling of belongingness and also, what lower management faces is often overlooked unintentionally by the top management (Ehrhardt and Brigham, 2011). Therefore, it would be a good practice to analyze the issues and the internal environment as a whole. The company would be announcing an increment in commission from 2% to 2.5% so as to encourage sale team members to make more sales in the market as already, the company is expecting a downfall of 20% in its sales volume. Therefore, to control the downfall, it has to encourage its sales members. To compensate for the poor performance of one product, the company is also targeting towards diversifying its range of products so as to improve the performance of the company. Also, the company is thinking of considering the manufacturing overseas so as to take an advantage of reduced costs (Cafferky, 2014). The key to success is the team members working behind to achieve such goals. Therfore, the company, targeting towards success has to first start from itself, i.e.,its internal environment whether it is effective in nature or not and then, jump onto the external markets. The variances in profits could be well visualized from the budget reports and the market conditions, together calls for an urgent requirement of a contingency plan to be implemented so as to save the company from suffering such adverse effects and obligations in the future period of time. The company is set to implement the above stated plans and is looking forward to improve its results and make enough profits as per their set targets. References Berman, K., Knight, J. and Case, J. (2013). Financial intelligence. 1st ed. Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business Review Press. Bragg, S. (2014). Corporate cash management. 1st ed. Centennial: Accounting Tools. Brigham, E. and Ehrhardt, M. (2017). Financial management. 1st ed. Boston, MA, USA: Cengage Learning. Cafferky, M. (2014). Breakeven analysis. 1st ed. New York: Business Expert Press Ehrhardt, M. and Brigham, E. (2011). Financial management. 1st ed. Mason: South-Western Cengage Learning. Garrison, R., Noreen, E. and Brewer, P. (2012). Managerial accounting. 1st ed. New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Gitman, L. and Zutter, C. (2012). Principles of managerial finance. 1st ed. England: Pearson Education Limited. Hoyle, J., Schaefer, T. and Doupnik, T. (2015). Advanced accounting. 1st ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

Influence Physical Environment on Human Psychology

Table of Contents Introduction Background Current state Development problems in this scenario Suggested interventions Conclusion Reference List Introduction Physical environment where people live and grow up is certainly one of the main sources of factors that affects directly or indirectly development of a person through various development stages (Richardson 2000). For instance, natural calamities such as Hurricane Katrina which occurred in New Orleans interrupts with peoples lifes in a manner that adversely affects their social, biological, psychological, psycho-social and cognitive development of different-aged people.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Influence Physical Environment on Human Psychology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Patrick is one of the people whose lifes were interrupted with by the deadly Hurricane Katrina. This calamity forced him to live temporary in Texas from where they later moved to New Jersey before going back to New Orleans three years later. Patrick is twelve years old and he has serious behavioural problems that concern not only his parents but also his teachers who have already alerted his parents to be vigilant especially when their son is at home. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how Patrick’s cognitive, social, psychological and psycho-social development problems can be solved in order to heal his behavioural problems at home and in school. Background Human growth and development occurs through different stages during a person’s lifetime from conception till when he or she dies. Late childhood and early adolescence are some of the developmental stages that are characterized by a lot of social, biological, psychological, psycho-social and cognitive changes in a child’s development. The intensity and sudden change of children behaviour, temperament and personality during this development phase explains most of parents conce rns and fears during therapeutic consultations. Parents often report that their recently calm and contained child is no longer as reasonable or reliable as they were just a few months before. At this particular growth and development stage most children’s sense of self begins to come into shape amid various psychological, psycho-social and cognitive changes that the child is not aware of and does not understand (Meggitt 2006). Some feel that they are grown up enough and should be free from their parental control and guidance. In other words, they start clamoring for freedom of choice. One of the factors that control these changes is the cognitive development of a child (Meggitt 2006). Cognitive changes result in more than just conflicts of interests between early adolescents and their parents.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These changes occur against a given background of ex ternal factors such as peer pressure and childhood exposure to traumatic experiences like the one Patrick encountered through Hurricane Katrina when he was still a child. This can be worsened by socio-economic challenges and problems that Patrick and his family are facing currently. Such an encounter brings the child a lot of frustrating and painful experiences and if it is not immediately and properly handled it leads to relationship problems between a child and his or her parents and others like teachers and colleagues later in life. He or she may have problems trusting any one during late childhood and early adolescence development stages and may want to do as he or she wishes thereby becoming inattentive, hostile, rude, and disobedient and in some circumstances withdrawn and alienated. These circumstances makes them want to experiment with many things some dangerous like drug abuse and premarital sex most of which are informed by poor decisions. As a result, they develop anti-so cial habits and bad behaviours which becomes the source of their parents and teachers concern, fear and distress. Such habits include delinquency which is discussed in this paper with an example of Patrick. Current state In this scenario, Patrick, a twelve years old boy is passing through a turbulent development stage. His parents have reported that their recently lovable and obedient child has turned into an emotional tyrant who slams door whenever angry, bullies his classmates in school and exhibits lawlessness. He has become quite intensively indecisive and has a worrying negative outlook. Patrick’s parents are horrified with this poor development.  Patrick is in a transitional development stage between late childhood and early adolescence. As mentioned in the previous section, his ego is coming into form against a background of various biological changes which are taking place and will continue taking place through out the adolescence stage. Unfortunately, these develop ment changes are taking place within a context of frustrating socio-economic circumstances which can potentially cause psychological and psychosocial problems which can in turn be the root cause of his bad behaviours. This is explained by possibilities of unrealization of his basic needs of survival, belonging, love, power, freedom and fun (Holt and Kysilka, 2005).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Influence Physical Environment on Human Psychology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Patrick’s behaviour has caused his parents enough misery. His persistent defiance of authority has cost his parents enough already in terms of money, school problems and other societal troubles. His habits have extended more and more beyond the confines of his life at home and even in school. If Patrick’s behavioural problems will not be checked early enough, his bad behaviour will spill over to the domain of criminal syste m and even to the courts now or later on in life (Herbert 2005). Now his parents want some calmness and sanity in their home life, his school life and social life. They are tired of being called over and over again by his teachers to solve cases of bullying, breaking common sense school rules and other bad behaviors. His parents have been encountered severally with the threat of their twelve-years-old son being taken to a rehabilitation facility or be sued in children’s courts due to unruly behaviour. Patrick’s bad behaviours have actually prompted the engagement of professional counseling in order to try and correct the circumstances surrounding this issue. Development problems in this scenario The development problems in this scenario actually fall between the late childhood stage and the early adolescence stage. Transition to adolescence comes along with the development and establishment of a clear sense of identity. There are actually three aspects of identity that particularly concern teenagers (Meggitt 2006). They include the way they see their present abilities, status and roles. The second aspect is the way the teenagers accept their body images, a favorable representation of what it is like, and how it looks to others. The third aspect is the fulfillment of their aspirations for themselves so that they become what they would like to become (Meggitt 2006). It should be noted that adolescence is the period that begins in the psychological changes of puberty and ends at an indefinite time, when the young person is supposedly both mature and independent-as defined by a variety of social and economic indicators. Such indicators include completion of schooling, the attainment of economic independence, personal status, duties, and privileges. It also includes the right to bear arms and the right to marry. If these changes take place in frustrating socio-economic circumstances like in Patrick’s case, psychological and psycho-social proble ms may occur thereby leading behavioural problems.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Patrick is facing serious social development problems which are closely related to their current economic status which was brought about by the losses they incurred as a result of Hurricane Katrina. This unfortunate tragedy interrupted with their former comfortable lifestyles which were relatively comfortable and happier. This may be the cause of his bad behaviours resulting from unrealilsation of one or more of his basic needs of survival, belonging, love, power, freedom and fun. According Glasser, one of the greatest psychologists of our age, more than ninety percent of all bad behaviours in children and students are a result of misguided efforts of children to achieve power (Holt and Kysilka, 2005). In addition, since Hurricane Katrina occurred when he was younger may be his parents never took the necessary measures of treating trauma since they were not aware of the long term problems that it may latter cause their child and therefore he never came to terms with it fully. Social ly related behavioural problems are actually common in many adolescents. As children approach the age of adolescence, they grow stronger, they become more assertive and some of them become more rebellious. Consequently, delinquency becomes one of the most notorious adolescent behavioural problems. Suggested interventions Patrick’s problems are largely social and psycho-social. This explains his misbehaviour and delinquency at school and home. There are a number of correctional interventions that his parents and teachers can adopt in order to instruct him in good behaviours and help him accept realities of their current life in relation to the Hurricane Katrina tragedy. Ginott put forward what has been termed to as theories of congruent or harmonious communication between teachers, parents, administrators and students/children (Taylor Nixon, 2004). His theory known simply as the Ginott Model is founded up on interpersonal relations and communication between children, students and parents and teachers. His model recommends that teachers should embrace an approach that makes students feel recognized, respected and accepted (Taylor Nixon, 2004). His theory provides strategies for teachers to build and develop self-confidence, self-esteem and deemphasize frustration and fear in classroom. He supports the concept that teachers should always attack the problem and not the student (Taylor Nixon, 2004). Therefore, teachers should avoid at all costs labeling and negative criticism because labeled students tend to exhibit what they have been labeled a trend which can encourage bad behaviours.Ginnot proposed that teachers should shun too much criticism and instead they should provide recommendations and advise and make succinct statements to students geared towards improving their academic and co-curricular performances and seek their input and to correct behaviour (Taylor Nixon, 2004). The main idea behind his theory is functional and supportive relationships between teachers, parents, Children and students.  Patrick’s parents input are as important as his teachers’ efforts. They too should embrace a communication and relational approach that instills hope in their son when he is at home. They should help their son understand that irrespective of what happened to their lives thanks to Hurricane Katrina all is not lost and assure him that a brighter future awaits him if he will chose to focus his energy and time towards relevant and constructive activities at school and while at home. They should create an environment that makes him feel safe and secure –socially, emotional and physically. They should show recognition and respect in order to support proper growth and development of his self esteem and self confidence and ego. For instance, they should seek his opinion on all family plans and matters where necessary. Doing so will make him feel that he too counts and that his parents has trust in his opinions and tho ughts. This will in turn encourage him to embrace and nurture a positive outlook towards life. They should also avoid attacking the person of Patrick and instead they should wisely attack problems facing their son consistently without letting emotions cloud their relationships with him. They should maintain a healthy communication with their son and let him understand that they have faith in his ability to take care of himself in their absence (Taylor Nixon, 2004).They should constantly guide him on how to chose friends wisely. Also they should let him know that they all doing all that is in their powers and ability in order to make sure, that he lives a comfortable life like others. Therefore, they should be free to share with him about their incomes and financial challenges. This will in turn encourage him to share with them his fears, worries and hopes about his present and future life. Conclusion To conclude, the transitional stage between late childhood and early adolescence i s characterized by a lot of changes during a child’s development. The level and sudden changes in a child’s behaviour and personality can be overwhelming for parents, teachers and the wider society. However, if problems arising from this turbulent stage are noted earlier and handled with care and seriousness they require, parent and teachers can successfully manage social, biological, psychological, psycho-social and cognitive development of their children and instruct their students and children in good behavior as they approach young adulthood which also has its challenges. Experts in psychology as well as educationists should investigate further on ways that can be used to minimize negative effects of natural calamities up on the social, biological, psychological, psycho-social and cognitive development growth and development of children when they occur. Reference List Herbert, M. (2005). Development Problems of Childhood and Adolescence: Prevention, Treatment. Vict oria: Blackwell Publishing. Holt, Larry C. and Kysilka, M. (2005). Instructional patterns: strategies for maximizing student learning. New York, NY: SAGE. Meggitt, C. (2006). Child Development: An Illustrated Guide. Oxford: Heinemann Education Publishers. Richardson, K. (2000). Developmental Psychology: How Nature and Nurture interact. London: MacMillan Press Ltd. Schave, D., Schave, B. (1989). Early Adolescence and the Search for Self: A Developmental Perspective. New York: Praeger Publishers. Taylor, George R. Nixon. (2004). Practical application of classroom management theories into strategies. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. This essay on Influence Physical Environment on Human Psychology was written and submitted by user Rashad Gomez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Using Sample Critical Analysis Essay Examples

Using Sample Critical Analysis Essay ExamplesUsing sample critical analysis essay examples is a great way to learn the theory behind it. To put it simply, critical analysis is an analytical process that tries to figure out what the meaning of the material is. This can be done by using an essay like this in many different ways to see what people say about the work. They can use it as a sample for their own work or even for their own classes.It's not hard to find these essay examples because there are many places online. Many schools and colleges will have essays that they can use as a starting point for learning this subject matter. There are also other types of programs that offer sample essays that you can use to help you study for your exam.There are several good reasons to use this material. You can always refer back to it later as a refresher for when you get stuck on an area. This is also a good tool to have in case you need to review a lesson from a class or a teacher. Being ab le to refer back to your study materials is a valuable tool for any student.One of the most popular reasons to use it is to help you figure out what your next steps should be. For example, if you're trying to figure out if a thesis statement is valid you can look at the sample essay to see what it says. In this case, you may want to revise it and take it to a writing class so that you can practice the idea more fully. If you're unsure about something, you can also just read through the work to see how it sounds and then decide for yourself.Some students also use critical analysis as a way to see how their work compares to other similar topics. If you're dealing with the written analysis of another piece of literature, you can look at the sample essay to see how it compares to the other works that are comparable to it. For example, if you're writing about a book in a school paper, you can look at the analysis from that paper.While you can look at a few different aspects of the work, it's always best to read the whole thing at once. This gives you a better idea of how it all fits together and gives you a better feel for how it should be delivered. The best way to do this is to take notes as you read it and keep them handy.Another major benefit of using this type of essay is that it's extremely quick to complete. Once you've got the general idea of what's expected, it's not difficult to write it up. You can complete the essay in only a couple of hours as opposed to weeks that it could take you otherwise.The reason why so many people like to use these essay examples is because they're very easy to use. They don't take up much time and make it easy to actually read the work over again and give some feedback. If you're looking for a quick way to start improving your grades, this is the best option available.

Definition and Discussion of the Minutes of a Meeting

Definition and Discussion of the Minutes of a Meeting In business writing, minutes are the official written record of a meeting. Minutes serve as a permanent record of  the topics considered, conclusions reached, actions taken, and assignments given.   Minutes may be kept by any individual in attendance at a meeting and are usually distributed to all members of the unit represented at the meeting.Minutes are generally written in the simple past tense. The Main Parts of Meeting Minutes Many organizations use a standard template or a special format for keeping minutes, and the order of the parts may vary. HeadingThe name of the committee (or other unit) and the date, location, and starting time of the meeting.ParticipantsThe name of the person conducting the meeting along with the names of all those who attended the meeting (including guests) and those who were excused from attending.Approval of previous minutesA note on whether the minutes of the previous meeting were approved and whether any corrections were made.Action items (including unfinished business from the previous meeting)A report on each topic discussed at the meeting. (For each item, note the subject of the discussion, the name of the person who led the discussion, and any decisions that may have been reached.)AnnouncementsA report on any announcements made by participants, including proposed agenda items for the next meeting.Next MeetingA note on where and when the next meeting will be held.AdjournmentA note on the time the meeting ended.Signature lineThe name of the person who prepared the minutes and the date they wer e submitted. Observations A good set of minutes  can give the group a sense of progress; incoherent jottings (which may more closely resemble verbatim transcripts) leave everyone bewildered.(David R. Buchanan, An Ethic for Health Promotion: Rethinking the Sources of Human Well-Being. Oxford University Press,  2000)In writing minutes, be clear, comprehensive, objective, and diplomatic. Do not interpret what happened; simply report it. Because meetings rarely follow the agenda perfectly, you might find it challenging to provide an accurate record of the meeting. If necessary, interrupt the discussion to request clarification.Do not record emotional exchanges between participants. Because minutes are the official record of the meeting, you want them to reflect positively on the participants and the organization.(Mike Markel, Technical Communication, 9th ed. Bedford/St. Martins, 2010)Guidelines for Writing Meeting Minutes- The recorder should be able to write the minutes in near final form as the meeting prog resses.- The minutes should focus on results and agreed-on actions. . . .- The minutes should be highly summarized, not a burden to read. Be brief; summarize outcomes and points of agreement and disagreement; dont record detailed input.- Avoid writing minutes for the purpose of informing those absent from the meeting.- Write the minutes soon after the meeting and distribute them promptly (within a day or two).(Murray Hiebert and Bruce Klatt, The Encyclopedia of Leadership: A Practical Guide to Popular Leadership. McGraw-Hill, 2001) The Lighter Side of Minutes Russell Stringer  Bell:  [W]hat is that?Sean Shamrock  McGinty: Robert Rules say we gotta have minutes for a meeting, right? These the minutes.Russell Stringer Bell:  [I]s you taking notes on a criminal . . . conspiracy?(Idris Elba and Richard Burton in Straight and True. The Wire, 2004)